diff --git a/lib/content/lifecycle.ts b/lib/content/lifecycle.ts
index aba0136..37df74b 100644
--- a/lib/content/lifecycle.ts
+++ b/lib/content/lifecycle.ts
@@ -636,8 +636,16 @@ export class ContentLifecycle {
   }
 
   private pageIdentity(page: StoredPage): PageIdentity {
-    const { blocks: _blocks, dependencies: _dependencies, ...identity } = page;
-    return identity;
+    return {
+      id: page.id,
+      characterId: page.characterId,
+      slug: page.slug,
+      title: page.title,
+      navOrder: page.navOrder,
+      visible: page.visible,
+      publicNote: page.publicNote,
+      version: page.version,
+    };
   }
 
   private visiblePagesFor(characterId: string): StoredPage[] {
diff --git a/lib/content/mutations.ts b/lib/content/mutations.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0cb237
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/content/mutations.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,762 @@
+import "server-only";
+
+import { createHash } from "node:crypto";
+
+import { and, eq, inArray, isNull, lt, sql } from "drizzle-orm";
+
+import { getDb } from "@/db";
+import {
+  blocks,
+  characters,
+  dataSources,
+  dataSourceVersions,
+  media,
+  mediaReferences,
+  outboxEvents,
+  pageDataSources,
+  pages,
+  publicSnapshots,
+  revisions,
+  slugAliases,
+} from "@/db/schema";
+import { validatePageBlocks, type SerializedBlock } from "@/lib/blocks";
+
+import { dataSourceSnapshotSchema, evaluateDataSource } from "./data-source";
+import { slugSchema, type MutationResult, type SavePageInput } from "./lifecycle";
+import { getAdminPage } from "./queries";
+import type { DataSourceSnapshot, PageSnapshot } from "./types";
+
+interface SavePageOptions {
+  dependencyPins?: Record<string, number | null>;
+  sourceRevisionId?: string | null;
+}
+
+function collectNamedIds(
+  value: unknown,
+  keyName: "dataSourceId" | "mediaId",
+  result = new Set<string>(),
+): Set<string> {
+  if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+    for (const item of value) collectNamedIds(item, keyName, result);
+    return result;
+  }
+  if (!value || typeof value !== "object") return result;
+  for (const [key, nested] of Object.entries(value)) {
+    if (key === keyName && typeof nested === "string") result.add(nested);
+    collectNamedIds(nested, keyName, result);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+function jsonObject(value: unknown): value is Record<string, unknown> {
+  return Boolean(value) && typeof value === "object" && !Array.isArray(value);
+}
+
+function checkpointHour(date: Date): Date {
+  const hour = new Date(date);
+  hour.setUTCMinutes(0, 0, 0);
+  return hour;
+}
+
+function vectorHash(vector: Record<string, number>): string {
+  const stableEntries = Object.entries(vector).sort(([left], [right]) =>
+    left.localeCompare(right),
+  );
+  return createHash("sha256").update(JSON.stringify(stableEntries)).digest("hex");
+}
+
+function pageIdentity(page: typeof pages.$inferSelect) {
+  return {
+    id: page.id,
+    characterId: page.characterId,
+    slug: page.slug,
+    title: page.title,
+    navOrder: page.navOrder,
+    visible: page.visible,
+    publicNote: page.publicNote,
+    version: page.version,
+  };
+}
+
+function characterIdentity(character: typeof characters.$inferSelect) {
+  return {
+    id: character.id,
+    slug: character.slug,
+    nameTh: character.nameTh,
+    nameEn: character.nameEn,
+    description: character.description,
+    portraitMediaId: character.portraitMediaId,
+    element: character.element,
+    role: character.role,
+    rarity: character.rarity,
+    sortOrder: character.sortOrder,
+    visible: character.visible,
+  };
+}
+
+export async function savePageDraft(
+  input: SavePageInput,
+  options: SavePageOptions = {},
+): Promise<MutationResult<PageSnapshot>> {
+  const issues: string[] = [];
+  const slugResult = slugSchema.safeParse(input.slug);
+  if (!slugResult.success) {
+    issues.push(...slugResult.error.issues.map((issue) => issue.message));
+  }
+  if (!input.title.trim()) issues.push("Page title cannot be blank.");
+
+  const resolutions = validatePageBlocks(input.blocks);
+  for (const resolution of resolutions) {
+    if (resolution.kind === "invalid") {
+      issues.push(
+        ...resolution.issues.map(
+          (issue) => `${resolution.block.type}: ${issue.message}`,
+        ),
+      );
+    } else if (
+      resolution.kind === "unsupported" &&
+      !jsonObject(resolution.block.config)
+    ) {
+      issues.push(`${resolution.block.type}: configuration must be an object.`);
+    }
+  }
+  if (issues.length > 0 || !slugResult.success) {
+    return { status: "validation-error", issues };
+  }
+
+  const normalizedBlocks = resolutions.map((resolution) =>
+    resolution.kind === "ready" ? resolution.block : resolution.block,
+  );
+  const dependencyIds = [
+    ...collectNamedIds(
+      normalizedBlocks.map((block) => block.config),
+      "dataSourceId",
+    ),
+  ];
+  const mediaIds = [
+    ...collectNamedIds(
+      normalizedBlocks.map((block) => block.config),
+      "mediaId",
+    ),
+  ];
+  const now = input.now ?? new Date();
+  const db = getDb();
+
+  return db.transaction(async (tx): Promise<MutationResult<PageSnapshot>> => {
+    const [current] = await tx
+      .select({ page: pages, character: characters })
+      .from(pages)
+      .innerJoin(characters, eq(characters.id, pages.characterId))
+      .where(eq(pages.id, input.pageId))
+      .limit(1);
+    if (!current) return { status: "not-found" };
+    if (current.page.version !== input.expectedVersion) {
+      return { status: "conflict", currentVersion: current.page.version };
+    }
+
+    if (dependencyIds.length > 0) {
+      const existingSources = await tx
+        .select({ id: dataSources.id })
+        .from(dataSources)
+        .where(inArray(dataSources.id, dependencyIds));
+      const existing = new Set(existingSources.map((source) => source.id));
+      const missing = dependencyIds.filter((id) => !existing.has(id));
+      if (missing.length > 0) {
+        return {
+          status: "validation-error",
+          issues: missing.map((id) => `Referenced data source does not exist: ${id}`),
+        };
+      }
+    }
+
+    const [updated] = await tx
+      .update(pages)
+      .set({
+        slug: slugResult.data,
+        title: input.title.trim(),
+        visible: input.visible,
+        publicNote: input.publicNote?.trim() || null,
+        version: input.expectedVersion + 1,
+        updatedAt: now,
+      })
+      .where(
+        and(
+          eq(pages.id, input.pageId),
+          eq(pages.version, input.expectedVersion),
+        ),
+      )
+      .returning();
+    if (!updated) {
+      const [latest] = await tx
+        .select({ version: pages.version })
+        .from(pages)
+        .where(eq(pages.id, input.pageId))
+        .limit(1);
+      return {
+        status: "conflict",
+        currentVersion: latest?.version ?? input.expectedVersion,
+      };
+    }
+
+    if (current.page.slug !== updated.slug) {
+      await tx
+        .insert(slugAliases)
+        .values({
+          kind: "page",
+          oldCharacterSlug: current.character.slug,
+          oldPageSlug: current.page.slug,
+          targetCharacterId: current.character.id,
+          targetPageId: current.page.id,
+        })
+        .onConflictDoNothing();
+    }
+
+    await tx.delete(blocks).where(eq(blocks.pageId, updated.id));
+    if (normalizedBlocks.length > 0) {
+      await tx.insert(blocks).values(
+        normalizedBlocks.map((block) => ({
+          id: block.id,
+          pageId: updated.id,
+          type: block.type,
+          schemaVersion: block.schemaVersion,
+          config: block.config as Record<string, unknown>,
+          responsiveLayout: jsonObject(block.responsiveLayout)
+            ? block.responsiveLayout
+            : {},
+          sortOrder: block.sortOrder,
+          createdAt: now,
+          updatedAt: now,
+        })),
+      );
+    }
+
+    const existingDependencies = await tx
+      .select()
+      .from(pageDataSources)
+      .where(eq(pageDataSources.pageId, updated.id));
+    const previousPins = Object.fromEntries(
+      existingDependencies.map((dependency) => [
+        dependency.dataSourceId,
+        dependency.pinnedVersion,
+      ]),
+    );
+    const requestedPins = {
+      ...previousPins,
+      ...options.dependencyPins,
+    };
+    await tx
+      .delete(pageDataSources)
+      .where(eq(pageDataSources.pageId, updated.id));
+    if (dependencyIds.length > 0) {
+      await tx.insert(pageDataSources).values(
+        dependencyIds.map((dataSourceId) => ({
+          pageId: updated.id,
+          dataSourceId,
+          pinnedVersion: requestedPins[dataSourceId] ?? null,
+        })),
+      );
+    }
+
+    const sourceRows =
+      dependencyIds.length === 0
+        ? []
+        : await tx
+            .select()
+            .from(dataSources)
+            .where(inArray(dataSources.id, dependencyIds));
+    const versionVector = Object.fromEntries(
+      sourceRows.map((source) => [
+        source.id,
+        requestedPins[source.id] ?? source.currentVersion,
+      ]),
+    );
+    const sourceSnapshots: Record<string, DataSourceSnapshot> = {};
+    for (const source of sourceRows) {
+      const version = versionVector[source.id];
+      const [versionRow] = await tx
+        .select()
+        .from(dataSourceVersions)
+        .where(
+          and(
+            eq(dataSourceVersions.dataSourceId, source.id),
+            eq(dataSourceVersions.version, version),
+          ),
+        )
+        .limit(1);
+      if (versionRow) {
+        sourceSnapshots[source.id] = {
+          id: source.id,
+          name: source.name,
+          version,
+          fields: source.fields as DataSourceSnapshot["fields"],
+          rows: versionRow.rows as DataSourceSnapshot["rows"],
+        };
+      }
+    }
+
+    const navigationRows = await tx
+      .select()
+      .from(pages)
+      .where(eq(pages.characterId, updated.characterId))
+      .orderBy(pages.navOrder, pages.title);
+    const snapshot: PageSnapshot = {
+      character: characterIdentity(current.character),
+      page: pageIdentity(updated),
+      pages: navigationRows.map(pageIdentity),
+      blocks: normalizedBlocks,
+      dataSources: sourceSnapshots,
+      versionVector,
+    };
+
+    const revisionSnapshot = {
+      page: snapshot.page,
+      blocks: snapshot.blocks,
+      dependencies: Object.fromEntries(
+        dependencyIds.map((id) => [id, requestedPins[id] ?? null]),
+      ),
+    };
+    const hour = checkpointHour(now);
+    const [existingCheckpoint] = await tx
+      .select({ id: revisions.id })
+      .from(revisions)
+      .where(
+        and(
+          eq(revisions.pageId, updated.id),
+          eq(revisions.kind, "checkpoint"),
+          eq(revisions.checkpointHour, hour),
+        ),
+      )
+      .limit(1);
+    const revisionValues = {
+      pageVersion: updated.version,
+      kind: "checkpoint",
+      label: null,
+      authorId: input.authorId,
+      sourceRevisionId: options.sourceRevisionId ?? null,
+      checkpointHour: hour,
+      snapshot: revisionSnapshot as unknown as Record<string, unknown>,
+      dataSourceVersions: versionVector,
+      mediaIds,
+      createdAt: now,
+      expiresAt: new Date(now.getTime() + 30 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1_000),
+    };
+    const revisionId = existingCheckpoint
+      ? existingCheckpoint.id
+      : crypto.randomUUID();
+    if (existingCheckpoint) {
+      await tx
+        .update(revisions)
+        .set(revisionValues)
+        .where(eq(revisions.id, revisionId));
+    } else {
+      await tx.insert(revisions).values({
+        id: revisionId,
+        pageId: updated.id,
+        ...revisionValues,
+      });
+    }
+
+    const priorCurrentMedia = await tx
+      .select({ mediaId: mediaReferences.mediaId })
+      .from(mediaReferences)
+      .where(
+        and(
+          eq(mediaReferences.ownerType, "page"),
+          eq(mediaReferences.ownerId, updated.id),
+          eq(mediaReferences.referenceKind, "current"),
+        ),
+      );
+    const priorRevisionMedia = await tx
+      .select({ mediaId: mediaReferences.mediaId })
+      .from(mediaReferences)
+      .where(
+        and(
+          eq(mediaReferences.ownerType, "revision"),
+          eq(mediaReferences.ownerId, revisionId),
+          eq(mediaReferences.referenceKind, "revision"),
+        ),
+      );
+    await tx
+      .delete(mediaReferences)
+      .where(
+        and(
+          eq(mediaReferences.ownerType, "page"),
+          eq(mediaReferences.ownerId, updated.id),
+          eq(mediaReferences.referenceKind, "current"),
+        ),
+      );
+    await tx
+      .delete(mediaReferences)
+      .where(
+        and(
+          eq(mediaReferences.ownerType, "revision"),
+          eq(mediaReferences.ownerId, revisionId),
+          eq(mediaReferences.referenceKind, "revision"),
+        ),
+      );
+    if (mediaIds.length > 0) {
+      await tx.insert(mediaReferences).values([
+        ...mediaIds.map((mediaId) => ({
+          mediaId,
+          ownerType: "page",
+          ownerId: updated.id,
+          referenceKind: "current",
+          createdAt: now,
+        })),
+        ...mediaIds.map((mediaId) => ({
+          mediaId,
+          ownerType: "revision",
+          ownerId: revisionId,
+          referenceKind: "revision",
+          createdAt: now,
+        })),
+      ]);
+    }
+    const affectedMediaIds = [
+      ...new Set([
+        ...mediaIds,
+        ...priorCurrentMedia.map((item) => item.mediaId),
+        ...priorRevisionMedia.map((item) => item.mediaId),
+      ]),
+    ];
+    for (const mediaId of affectedMediaIds) {
+      await tx
+        .update(media)
+        .set({
+          currentReferenceCount: sql<number>`(
+            select count(*)::int from ${mediaReferences}
+            where ${mediaReferences.mediaId} = ${mediaId}
+              and ${mediaReferences.referenceKind} = 'current'
+          )`,
+          revisionReferenceCount: sql<number>`(
+            select count(*)::int from ${mediaReferences}
+            where ${mediaReferences.mediaId} = ${mediaId}
+              and ${mediaReferences.referenceKind} = 'revision'
+          )`,
+        })
+        .where(eq(media.id, mediaId));
+    }
+
+    const publicDto: PageSnapshot = {
+      ...snapshot,
+      pages: snapshot.pages.filter((item) => item.visible),
+    };
+    await tx.insert(publicSnapshots).values({
+      pageId: updated.id,
+      pageVersion: updated.version,
+      versionVector,
+      vectorHash: vectorHash(versionVector),
+      dto: publicDto as unknown as Record<string, unknown>,
+      visible: current.character.visible && updated.visible,
+      createdAt: now,
+    });
+
+    await tx.insert(outboxEvents).values([
+      {
+        topic: `page:${updated.id}`,
+        aggregateId: updated.id,
+        eventType: "page.updated",
+        payload: { id: updated.id, version: updated.version },
+        createdAt: now,
+      },
+      {
+        topic: "directory",
+        aggregateId: updated.id,
+        eventType: "directory.updated",
+        payload: { id: updated.id, version: updated.version },
+        createdAt: now,
+      },
+      {
+        topic: "admin",
+        aggregateId: updated.id,
+        eventType: "admin.updated",
+        payload: { id: updated.id, version: updated.version },
+        createdAt: now,
+      },
+    ]);
+
+    return { status: "accepted", value: snapshot };
+  });
+}
+
+export async function saveDataSourceVersion(
+  input: Omit<DataSourceSnapshot, "version"> & {
+    expectedVersion: number;
+    authorId: string;
+    now?: Date;
+  },
+): Promise<MutationResult<DataSourceSnapshot>> {
+  const next: DataSourceSnapshot = {
+    id: input.id,
+    name: input.name,
+    version: input.expectedVersion + 1,
+    fields: input.fields,
+    rows: input.rows,
+  };
+  const parsed = dataSourceSnapshotSchema.safeParse(next);
+  if (!parsed.success) {
+    return {
+      status: "validation-error",
+      issues: parsed.error.issues.map((issue) => issue.message),
+    };
+  }
+  const evaluation = evaluateDataSource(parsed.data);
+  const now = input.now ?? new Date();
+  const db = getDb();
+
+  return db.transaction(async (tx): Promise<MutationResult<DataSourceSnapshot>> => {
+    const [current] = await tx
+      .select()
+      .from(dataSources)
+      .where(eq(dataSources.id, input.id))
+      .limit(1);
+    if (!current) return { status: "not-found" };
+    if (current.currentVersion !== input.expectedVersion) {
+      return { status: "conflict", currentVersion: current.currentVersion };
+    }
+
+    const [updated] = await tx
+      .update(dataSources)
+      .set({
+        name: parsed.data.name,
+        fields: parsed.data.fields,
+        currentVersion: parsed.data.version,
+        updatedAt: now,
+      })
+      .where(
+        and(
+          eq(dataSources.id, input.id),
+          eq(dataSources.currentVersion, input.expectedVersion),
+        ),
+      )
+      .returning();
+    if (!updated) {
+      return { status: "conflict", currentVersion: current.currentVersion };
+    }
+
+    await tx.insert(dataSourceVersions).values({
+      dataSourceId: input.id,
+      version: parsed.data.version,
+      rows: parsed.data.rows,
+      evaluation: evaluation as unknown as Record<string, unknown>,
+      createdById: input.authorId,
+      createdAt: now,
+    });
+    const consumers = await tx
+      .select({ pageId: pageDataSources.pageId, pageVersion: pages.version })
+      .from(pageDataSources)
+      .innerJoin(pages, eq(pages.id, pageDataSources.pageId))
+      .where(
+        and(
+          eq(pageDataSources.dataSourceId, input.id),
+          isNull(pageDataSources.pinnedVersion),
+        ),
+      );
+    await tx.insert(outboxEvents).values([
+      {
+        topic: `data-source:${input.id}`,
+        aggregateId: input.id,
+        eventType: "data-source.updated",
+        payload: { id: input.id, version: parsed.data.version },
+        createdAt: now,
+      },
+      ...consumers.map((consumer) => ({
+        topic: `page:${consumer.pageId}`,
+        aggregateId: consumer.pageId,
+        eventType: "page.updated",
+        payload: { id: consumer.pageId, version: consumer.pageVersion },
+        createdAt: now,
+      })),
+      {
+        topic: "admin",
+        aggregateId: input.id,
+        eventType: "admin.updated",
+        payload: { id: input.id, version: parsed.data.version },
+        createdAt: now,
+      },
+    ]);
+
+    return { status: "accepted", value: parsed.data };
+  });
+}
+
+export async function createNamedRevision(
+  pageId: string,
+  label: string,
+  authorId: string,
+  now = new Date(),
+): Promise<string | null> {
+  const snapshot = await getAdminPageById(pageId);
+  if (!snapshot) return null;
+  const mediaIds = [
+    ...collectNamedIds(
+      snapshot.blocks.map((block) => block.config),
+      "mediaId",
+    ),
+  ];
+  const id = crypto.randomUUID();
+  const dependencies = Object.fromEntries(
+    Object.keys(snapshot.versionVector).map((sourceId) => [sourceId, null]),
+  );
+  const db = getDb();
+  await db.transaction(async (tx) => {
+    await tx.insert(revisions).values({
+      id,
+      pageId,
+      pageVersion: snapshot.page.version,
+      kind: "named",
+      label: label.trim() || "รุ่นที่บันทึก",
+      authorId,
+      snapshot: {
+        page: snapshot.page,
+        blocks: snapshot.blocks,
+        dependencies,
+      } as unknown as Record<string, unknown>,
+      dataSourceVersions: snapshot.versionVector,
+      mediaIds,
+      createdAt: now,
+      expiresAt: null,
+    });
+    if (mediaIds.length > 0) {
+      await tx.insert(mediaReferences).values(
+        mediaIds.map((mediaId) => ({
+          mediaId,
+          ownerType: "revision",
+          ownerId: id,
+          referenceKind: "revision",
+          createdAt: now,
+        })),
+      );
+    }
+  });
+  return id;
+}
+
+export async function restoreRevision(
+  revisionId: string,
+  expectedVersion: number,
+  authorId: string,
+): Promise<MutationResult<PageSnapshot>> {
+  const db = getDb();
+  const [revision] = await db
+    .select()
+    .from(revisions)
+    .where(eq(revisions.id, revisionId))
+    .limit(1);
+  if (!revision) return { status: "not-found" };
+  const snapshot = revision.snapshot as {
+    page: PageSnapshot["page"];
+    blocks: SerializedBlock[];
+    dependencies: Record<string, number | null>;
+  };
+
+  return savePageDraft(
+    {
+      pageId: revision.pageId,
+      expectedVersion,
+      authorId,
+      title: snapshot.page.title,
+      slug: snapshot.page.slug,
+      visible: snapshot.page.visible,
+      publicNote: snapshot.page.publicNote,
+      blocks: snapshot.blocks,
+    },
+    {
+      dependencyPins: revision.dataSourceVersions,
+      sourceRevisionId: revision.id,
+    },
+  );
+}
+
+export async function useLatestDataSource(
+  pageId: string,
+  dataSourceId: string,
+  expectedVersion: number,
+  authorId: string,
+): Promise<MutationResult<PageSnapshot>> {
+  const snapshot = await getAdminPageById(pageId);
+  if (!snapshot) return { status: "not-found" };
+  if (snapshot.page.version !== expectedVersion) {
+    return { status: "conflict", currentVersion: snapshot.page.version };
+  }
+  if (!Object.hasOwn(snapshot.versionVector, dataSourceId)) {
+    return {
+      status: "validation-error",
+      issues: ["The page does not reference this data source."],
+    };
+  }
+  return savePageDraft(
+    {
+      pageId,
+      expectedVersion,
+      authorId,
+      title: snapshot.page.title,
+      slug: snapshot.page.slug,
+      visible: snapshot.page.visible,
+      publicNote: snapshot.page.publicNote,
+      blocks: snapshot.blocks as SerializedBlock[],
+    },
+    { dependencyPins: { [dataSourceId]: null } },
+  );
+}
+
+export async function expireOldCheckpoints(now = new Date()): Promise<string[]> {
+  const db = getDb();
+  return db.transaction(async (tx) => {
+    const expired = await tx
+      .select({ id: revisions.id })
+      .from(revisions)
+      .where(
+        and(
+          eq(revisions.kind, "checkpoint"),
+          lt(revisions.expiresAt, now),
+        ),
+      );
+    if (expired.length === 0) return [];
+    const ids = expired.map((revision) => revision.id);
+    const affected = await tx
+      .select({ mediaId: mediaReferences.mediaId })
+      .from(mediaReferences)
+      .where(
+        and(
+          eq(mediaReferences.ownerType, "revision"),
+          inArray(mediaReferences.ownerId, ids),
+        ),
+      );
+    await tx
+      .delete(mediaReferences)
+      .where(
+        and(
+          eq(mediaReferences.ownerType, "revision"),
+          inArray(mediaReferences.ownerId, ids),
+        ),
+      );
+    await tx.delete(revisions).where(inArray(revisions.id, ids));
+    for (const mediaId of new Set(affected.map((item) => item.mediaId))) {
+      await tx
+        .update(media)
+        .set({
+          revisionReferenceCount: sql<number>`(
+            select count(*)::int from ${mediaReferences}
+            where ${mediaReferences.mediaId} = ${mediaId}
+              and ${mediaReferences.referenceKind} = 'revision'
+          )`,
+        })
+        .where(eq(media.id, mediaId));
+    }
+    return ids;
+  });
+}
+
+async function getAdminPageById(pageId: string): Promise<PageSnapshot | null> {
+  const db = getDb();
+  const [identity] = await db
+    .select({ characterSlug: characters.slug, pageSlug: pages.slug })
+    .from(pages)
+    .innerJoin(characters, eq(characters.id, pages.characterId))
+    .where(eq(pages.id, pageId))
+    .limit(1);
+  return identity
+    ? getAdminPage(identity.characterSlug, identity.pageSlug)
+    : null;
+}
diff --git a/lib/content/queries.ts b/lib/content/queries.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..529855e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/content/queries.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
+import "server-only";
+
+import { and, asc, eq } from "drizzle-orm";
+
+import { getDb } from "@/db";
+import {
+  blocks,
+  characters,
+  dataSources,
+  dataSourceVersions,
+  pageDataSources,
+  pages,
+  slugAliases,
+  templates,
+} from "@/db/schema";
+
+import type {
+  CharacterIdentity,
+  DataSourceSnapshot,
+  PageIdentity,
+  PageSnapshot,
+  PublicCharacterCard,
+} from "./types";
+
+export type PageLookup =
+  | { type: "page"; snapshot: PageSnapshot }
+  | { type: "redirect"; location: string }
+  | { type: "not-found" };
+
+function characterIdentity(
+  character: typeof characters.$inferSelect,
+): CharacterIdentity {
+  return {
+    id: character.id,
+    slug: character.slug,
+    nameTh: character.nameTh,
+    nameEn: character.nameEn,
+    description: character.description,
+    portraitMediaId: character.portraitMediaId,
+    element: character.element,
+    role: character.role,
+    rarity: character.rarity,
+    sortOrder: character.sortOrder,
+    visible: character.visible,
+  };
+}
+
+function pageIdentity(page: typeof pages.$inferSelect): PageIdentity {
+  return {
+    id: page.id,
+    characterId: page.characterId,
+    slug: page.slug,
+    title: page.title,
+    navOrder: page.navOrder,
+    visible: page.visible,
+    publicNote: page.publicNote,
+    version: page.version,
+  };
+}
+
+export async function listPublicCharacters(): Promise<PublicCharacterCard[]> {
+  const db = getDb();
+  const rows = await db
+    .select({ character: characters, page: pages })
+    .from(characters)
+    .innerJoin(
+      pages,
+      and(eq(pages.characterId, characters.id), eq(pages.visible, true)),
+    )
+    .where(eq(characters.visible, true))
+    .orderBy(asc(characters.sortOrder), asc(pages.navOrder), asc(pages.title));
+
+  const directory = new Map<string, PublicCharacterCard>();
+  for (const { character, page } of rows) {
+    if (directory.has(character.id)) continue;
+    directory.set(character.id, {
+      id: character.id,
+      slug: character.slug,
+      nameTh: character.nameTh,
+      nameEn: character.nameEn,
+      portraitMediaId: character.portraitMediaId,
+      element: character.element,
+      role: character.role,
+      rarity: character.rarity,
+      firstPageSlug: page.slug,
+    });
+  }
+  return [...directory.values()];
+}
+
+async function buildPageSnapshot(
+  character: typeof characters.$inferSelect,
+  page: typeof pages.$inferSelect,
+  includeHidden: boolean,
+): Promise<PageSnapshot> {
+  const db = getDb();
+  const [navigation, blockRows, dependencies] = await Promise.all([
+    db
+      .select()
+      .from(pages)
+      .where(
+        includeHidden
+          ? eq(pages.characterId, character.id)
+          : and(eq(pages.characterId, character.id), eq(pages.visible, true)),
+      )
+      .orderBy(asc(pages.navOrder), asc(pages.title)),
+    db
+      .select()
+      .from(blocks)
+      .where(eq(blocks.pageId, page.id))
+      .orderBy(asc(blocks.sortOrder)),
+    db
+      .select({
+        source: dataSources,
+        pinnedVersion: pageDataSources.pinnedVersion,
+      })
+      .from(pageDataSources)
+      .innerJoin(dataSources, eq(dataSources.id, pageDataSources.dataSourceId))
+      .where(eq(pageDataSources.pageId, page.id)),
+  ]);
+
+  const versionVector = Object.fromEntries(
+    dependencies.map(({ source, pinnedVersion }) => [
+      source.id,
+      pinnedVersion ?? source.currentVersion,
+    ]),
+  );
+  const sourceSnapshots: Record<string, DataSourceSnapshot> = {};
+
+  await Promise.all(
+    dependencies.map(async ({ source, pinnedVersion }) => {
+      const version = pinnedVersion ?? source.currentVersion;
+      const [versionRow] = await db
+        .select()
+        .from(dataSourceVersions)
+        .where(
+          and(
+            eq(dataSourceVersions.dataSourceId, source.id),
+            eq(dataSourceVersions.version, version),
+          ),
+        )
+        .limit(1);
+      if (!versionRow) return;
+      sourceSnapshots[source.id] = {
+        id: source.id,
+        name: source.name,
+        version,
+        fields: source.fields as DataSourceSnapshot["fields"],
+        rows: versionRow.rows as DataSourceSnapshot["rows"],
+      };
+    }),
+  );
+
+  return {
+    character: characterIdentity(character),
+    page: pageIdentity(page),
+    pages: navigation.map(pageIdentity),
+    blocks: blockRows.map((block) => ({
+      id: block.id,
+      type: block.type,
+      schemaVersion: block.schemaVersion,
+      config: block.config,
+      responsiveLayout: block.responsiveLayout,
+      sortOrder: block.sortOrder,
+    })),
+    dataSources: sourceSnapshots,
+    versionVector,
+  };
+}
+
+export async function getPublicPage(
+  requestedCharacterSlug: string,
+  requestedPageSlug?: string,
+): Promise<PageLookup> {
+  const db = getDb();
+  let [character] = await db
+    .select()
+    .from(characters)
+    .where(
+      and(
+        eq(characters.slug, requestedCharacterSlug),
+        eq(characters.visible, true),
+      ),
+    )
+    .limit(1);
+  const characterIsAlias = !character;
+
+  if (!character) {
+    const [alias] = await db
+      .select({ target: characters })
+      .from(slugAliases)
+      .innerJoin(
+        characters,
+        eq(characters.id, slugAliases.targetCharacterId),
+      )
+      .where(
+        and(
+          eq(slugAliases.kind, "character"),
+          eq(slugAliases.oldCharacterSlug, requestedCharacterSlug),
+          eq(characters.visible, true),
+        ),
+      )
+      .limit(1);
+    character = alias?.target;
+  }
+
+  if (!character) return { type: "not-found" };
+
+  const visiblePages = await db
+    .select()
+    .from(pages)
+    .where(
+      and(eq(pages.characterId, character.id), eq(pages.visible, true)),
+    )
+    .orderBy(asc(pages.navOrder), asc(pages.title));
+
+  if (visiblePages.length === 0) return { type: "not-found" };
+  if (!requestedPageSlug) {
+    return {
+      type: "redirect",
+      location: `/${character.slug}/${visiblePages[0].slug}`,
+    };
+  }
+
+  const page = visiblePages.find((item) => item.slug === requestedPageSlug);
+  if (page) {
+    if (characterIsAlias) {
+      return {
+        type: "redirect",
+        location: `/${character.slug}/${page.slug}`,
+      };
+    }
+    return {
+      type: "page",
+      snapshot: await buildPageSnapshot(character, page, false),
+    };
+  }
+
+  const [alias] = await db
+    .select({ target: pages })
+    .from(slugAliases)
+    .innerJoin(pages, eq(pages.id, slugAliases.targetPageId))
+    .where(
+      and(
+        eq(slugAliases.kind, "page"),
+        eq(slugAliases.oldCharacterSlug, requestedCharacterSlug),
+        eq(slugAliases.oldPageSlug, requestedPageSlug),
+        eq(pages.visible, true),
+      ),
+    )
+    .limit(1);
+
+  if (!alias?.target || alias.target.characterId !== character.id) {
+    return { type: "not-found" };
+  }
+  return {
+    type: "redirect",
+    location: `/${character.slug}/${alias.target.slug}`,
+  };
+}
+
+export async function getAdminPage(
+  characterSlug: string,
+  pageSlug: string,
+): Promise<PageSnapshot | null> {
+  const db = getDb();
+  const [row] = await db
+    .select({ character: characters, page: pages })
+    .from(characters)
+    .innerJoin(pages, eq(pages.characterId, characters.id))
+    .where(
+      and(eq(characters.slug, characterSlug), eq(pages.slug, pageSlug)),
+    )
+    .limit(1);
+  return row
+    ? buildPageSnapshot(row.character, row.page, true)
+    : null;
+}
+
+export async function getAdminNavigation() {
+  const db = getDb();
+  const [characterRows, pageRows, templateRows] = await Promise.all([
+    db.select().from(characters).orderBy(asc(characters.sortOrder), asc(characters.nameTh)),
+    db.select().from(pages).orderBy(asc(pages.navOrder), asc(pages.title)),
+    db.select().from(templates).orderBy(asc(templates.name)),
+  ]);
+  return {
+    characters: characterRows.map((character) => ({
+      ...characterIdentity(character),
+      pages: pageRows
+        .filter((page) => page.characterId === character.id)
+        .map(pageIdentity),
+    })),
+    templates: templateRows.map((template) => ({
+      id: template.id,
+      slug: template.slug,
+      name: template.name,
+      description: template.description,
+      category: template.category,
+      builtIn: template.builtIn,
+    })),
+  };
+}
+
+export async function getMediaVisibility(mediaId: string): Promise<{
+  public: boolean;
+  retained: boolean;
+}> {
+  const db = getDb();
+  const referencedBlocks = await db
+    .select({ block: blocks, page: pages, character: characters })
+    .from(blocks)
+    .innerJoin(pages, eq(pages.id, blocks.pageId))
+    .innerJoin(characters, eq(characters.id, pages.characterId));
+
+  const hasMediaId = (value: unknown): boolean => {
+    if (Array.isArray(value)) return value.some(hasMediaId);
+    if (!value || typeof value !== "object") return false;
+    return Object.entries(value).some(
+      ([key, nested]) =>
+        (key === "mediaId" && nested === mediaId) || hasMediaId(nested),
+    );
+  };
+  const references = referencedBlocks.filter(({ block }) =>
+    hasMediaId(block.config),
+  );
+  return {
+    public: references.some(
+      ({ page, character }) => page.visible && character.visible,
+    ),
+    retained: references.length > 0,
+  };
+}